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Biodiversity Beyond Borders

The open oceans and deep seas in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) account for nearly half of the surface area of the planet and more than 90% of its habitable volume.

Anchor 1

Increasing Use of ABNJ

Between 1950 and 1989, industrial marine fisheries catch in the open-ocean and deep-sea beyond 200 nautical miles from shore increased by a factor of more than 10 and landed value increased by a factor of more than 17. This growth was three times the rate of increase in catch and value within national waters (i.e. within exclusive economic zones) during the same time period.

HighSeasCatchesAndValue_ReportingStatus.

Related Publications

2022

Towards climate-smart, three-dimensional protected areas for biodiversity conservation in the high seas

Brito-Morales, I., D. Schoeman, C. Klein, D.C. Dunn, J. Everett, et al.

Nat. Clim. Chang.

2021

Multinational coordination required for conservation of over 90% of marine species

Roberson, L., C. O'Hara, J. Watson, B. Halpern, C. Klein, D.C. Dunn, et al.

Glob. Chang. Biol.

2021

Tracking data and the conservation of the High Seas: opportunities and challenges

Davies, T.E., A.P.B. Carneiro, B. Campos, C. Hazin, D.C. Dunn, et al.

Biol. Cons.

2020

Climate Change Considerations are Fundamental to Management of the Deep Sea

Levin, L., C-L Wei, D.C. Dunn, D.J. Amon, O.S. Ashford, et al.

Glob. Chang. Biol.

2020

Beyond static spatial management: scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas

Ortuño Crespo, G., D.C. Dunn, K.M. Gjerde, P.N. Halpin, J. Mossop, et al.

Mar. Policy

2020

Considering Indigenous Peoples and local communities in governance of the global ocean commons

Vierros, M., A.-L. Harrison, M. Sloat, G. Ortu�o Crespo, J. Moore, D.C. Dunn, et al.

Mar. Policy

2019

High-seas fish biodiversity is slipping through the

Ortuño Crespo, G., Dunn, D.C., Gianni, M., Gjerde, K., Wright, G., et al.

Nat. Ecol. Evol.

2019

The importance of migratory connectivity to global ocean policy

Dunn, D.C., Harrison, A.-L., Curtice, C., Appeltans, W., Bailey, H., et al.

Proc. R. Soc. B

2019

Incorporating the dynamic and connected nature of the open ocean into governance of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction

Dunn, D.C., Ortuño Crespo, G., Halpin, P.N.

in: Cisneros-Montmayor, A., Cheung, W.W., Ota, Y. (Eds.), Predicting Future Oceans. Elsevier.

2019

Area-based Fisheries Management

Dunn, D.C., Ortuño Crespo, G., Caddell, R.

in: Caddell, R.& E.J.M. (Ed.), Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans. Hart Publishing.

2019

The Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative: Promoting scientific support for global ocean governance

Johnson, D., Barrio Frojan, C., Bax, N., Dunstan, P., Woolley, S., et al.

Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.

2019

Marine spatial planning in areas beyond national jurisdiction

Wright, G., Gjerde, K.M., Johnson, D.E., Finkelstein, A., Ferreira, M.A., et al.

Mar. Policy

2018

A strategy for the conservation of biodiversity on mid-ocean ridges from deep-sea mining

Dunn, D.C., Van Dover, C.L., Etter, R.J., Smith, C.R., Levin, L.A., et al.

Sci. Adv.

2018

Empowering high seas governance with satellite vessel tracking data

Dunn, D.C., Jablonicky, C., Ortu�o Crespo, G., Mccauley, D.J., Kroodsma, D.A., et al.

Fish Fish.

2017

A review of the impacts of fisheries on open-ocean ecosystems

Ortuño Crespo, G., Dunn, D.C.

ICES J. Mar. Sci.

2016

Results of efforts by the Convention on Biological Diversity to describe ecologically or biologically significant marine areas

Bax, N.J., Cleary, J., Donnelly, B., Dunn, D.C., Dunstan, P.K., et al.

Conserv. Biol.

2014

The Convention on Biological Diversity�s Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas: Origins, development, and current status

Dunn, D.C., Ardron, J., Bax, N., Bernal, P., Cleary, J., et al.

Mar. Policy

2014

An ocean of surprises: Trends in human use, unexpected dynamics and governance challenges in areas beyond national jurisdiction

Merrie, A., Dunn, D.C., Metian, M., Boustany, A.M., Takei, Y., et al.

Glob. Environ. Chang.

2011

Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas in the Pelagic Realm: Examples & Guidelines

Dunn, D.C., Ardron, J., Ban, N., Bax, N., Bernal, P., et al.

IUCN

Anchor 2
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